Bipolaris spicifera teleomorph cochliobolus spicifer, curvularia inaequalis, and. Diversity of saprotrophic anamorphic ascomycetes from native forests in argentina. The fungal genus cochliobolus includes 55 species, including the following plant pathogenic. An overview and current status of species article pdf available in fungal diversity 511. Curvularia spicifera cochliobolus spicifer prescription. Pdf endophytic microorganisms are fungi or bacteria which live inside plant tissues or.
A phylogenetic and taxonomic reevaluation of the bipolaris. Cochliobolus spicifer is a fungal plant pathogen external links. America, asia, africa and europe, where this fungus occurs it is commonly. Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf larvicidal activity of endophytic fungal extract of cochliobolus spicifer pleosporales. Phylogenetic status of the fungus was determined using sequences of three loci. A pictorial guide for the identification of mold fungi on sorghum grains s navi, r bandyopadhyay, a j hall, and paula j bramelcox information bulletin no. Molecular genetics of hostspecific toxins in plant disease. Those fungi that need a partner to mate are referred to as heterothallic selfsterile, and those fungi not needing a partner are referred to as homothallic selffertile. The fungal genus cochliobolus includes 55 species, including the following plant pathogenic species.
Pdf first report of cochliobolus spicifer causing leaf. Cochliobolus miyabeanus formerly known as helminthosporium oryzae is a fungus that causes brown spot disease in rice. As an important forest tree the jingbai pear the best quality cultivar of pyrus ussuriensi maxim. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Both fungi may occur at the same time in the same infected plant. Cochliobolus spicifer spiciferone a cochliobolus spicifer 6chlorodehydrocurvularin nakajima et al. Xiao jz, tsuda m, doke n, nishimura s 1991 phytotoxins produced by germinating spores of bipolaris oryzae. High xylanase activity 1079 ug was obtained when wheat straw was used after 8 days of incubation. A pictorial guide for the identification of mold fungi on sorghum grain s s navi, r bandyopadhyay, a j hall, and paula j bramelcox information bulletin no. Cochliobolus lunatus head mould of grasses, rice and sorghum. The survival of free inactive conidia in soil for more than one year and. Exo and endoglucanase production by curvularia affinis. However, the mycobiota of the pear tree is still unknown.
Exo and endoglucanase production by curvularia affinis using. The taxonomy of this complex is confusing as frequent nomenclatural changes and refinements have occurred. These fungi are among the more than 18 fungi causing or associated with ear blight also known as scab, fusarium head blight. Figure 5 from phylogenetic status of an unrecorded species. The main lobe has a brightyellow, diamondshaped patch surrounded by deeper purple. Polymerase chain reaction assays for hcv infection are used commonly in clinical practice in the early diagnosis of infection, for identifying infection in infants early in life i. The main symptom of common bunt is the production of fungal structures called bunt balls, which replace healthy kernels. Cochliobolus clade, 31 out of 32 species fit clearly into one of two groups. All members of the genus known to cause serious crop diseases fall in a tight phylogenetic group suggesting that a progenitor within the genus gave rise, over a. The best matches included strains from reference culture collections e.
Biosecurity regulations have been established in usa to specify that shipment of corn should be free from. Combinations of sodium nitrate with peptone or yeast extract resulted in an increased xylanase production 1543 and 1483 ug, respectively. Looking for online definition of cochliobolus spicifer in the medical dictionary. Two types of xylanase gene, xyn11a xyl1 and xyn11b xyl2, were amplified by pcr and partially sequenced in four phytopathogenic species of the ascomycete fungal genus cochliobolus anamorph genus bipolaris. K, oblong to cylindricalshaped conidia without or with hilum scale bars. Endophytic fungi exist in all known plants and play an important role for plant growth and health. The bipolaris tetramera sequence also has not been previously analysed, and that species is described at the index fungorum as having a teleomorph of cochliobolus spicifer. Potato solanum tuberosum l farms were routinely surveyed for browntoblack leaf spot disease caused by c. A biphasic gene data set was assembled and databases were mined for reported hosts of c. Survey of all mycobiota associated with rhizosphere and. Curvularia spicifera is a really common outdoor fungus, readily found in. Labelfree bacteria quantification in blood plasma by a.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Cochliobolus spicifer cochliobolus stenospilus cochliobolus victoriae. Shylaja gunasekaran, shoba sundaramoorthy, uma anitha, mythili sathiavelu. Conservation of xyn11a and xyn11b xylanase genes in bipolaris. The most common symptom of a serious attack is poor establishment. The main lobe has a brightyellow, diamondshaped patch. A study of dna sequences of mating type loci from different heterothallic and homothallic species in the genus cochliobolus suggests that homothallism can be derived from heterothallism by. Emlkwd01, was isolated from an indigenous wheat seed by standard blotter method. In vitro antifungal and demelanizing activity of nepeta rtanjensis essential oil 899 conidia germination assay conidia germination assays were carried out on petri dishes containing mea amended with different n. After 10 days, when mycelium growth was not observed, the flask was opened, and the mycelial disk was transferred to another pda petri dish. Improvement of xylanase production by cochliobolus sativus. C3 unit addition reaction in phytotoxin biosyntheses. The device employs high performance nanoplasmonics and custom bioprinted microarrays. For investigators engaged in the study of toxins generally, and hostspecific toxins in particular, it is a rare treat to attend a meeting in which toxins involved in plant pathogenesis are emphasized.
Ahn ip, kim s, kang s, suh sc, lee yh 2005 rice defense mechanisms against cochliobolus miyabeanus and magnaporthe grisea are distinct. Threat specific contingency plan leaf blotch of cereals. It was a major cause of the bengal famine of 1943, where the crop yield was dropped by 40% to 90% and death of 2 million people was recorded. Jp20532708a jp20522229a jp20522229a jp20532708a jp 20532708 a jp20532708 a jp 20532708a jp 20522229 a jp20522229 a jp 20522229a jp 20522229 a jp20522229 a jp 20522229a jp 20532708 a jp20532708 a jp 20532708a authority jp japan prior art keywords fusarium pythium spp sp alternaria prior art date 20100805 legal status. Forests free fulltext endophytic mycobiota of jingbai. Suominen, volume i pteridophyta, gymnospermae, volume ii angiospermae part, volume iii caryophyllaceae, cambridge university press, 1989. Anamorphic bisporella, elotiales, leotiomycetidae botrytis cinerea pers.
Keywords cochliobolus spicifer larvicidal activity. First report of cochliobolus spicifer causing leaf spot disease of trianthema portulacastrum article pdf available in journal of plant pathology 964. Existing clinical methods for bacteria detection lack speed, sensitivity, and, importantly, pointofcare poc applicability. We undertook an investigation to advance understanding of the hostrange dynamics and biocontrol implications of cochliobolus lunatus in the past decade. Pdf larvicidal activity of endophytic fungal extract of.
A cellfree system that can convert prehelminthosporol into sorokinianin must be. Cochlioquinone a leishmanicidal activity campos et al. Cynodon dactylon and dactyloctenium western ghats region, karnataka ethyl acetate. The names curvularia spicifera, brachycladium spiciferum, drechslera spicifera, and helminthosporium spiciferum are obsolete synonyms, whereas cochliobolus spiciferus is the teleomorph of this species. Ultrastructure and genotypic characterization of the filamentous fungus cochliobolus lunatus in comparison to the anamorphic strain curvularia lunata. Cochliobolus spicifer triticum aesitivum argentina grains larran et al. Spiciferone a is a major phytotoxin produced by an isolate of cochliobolus spicifer nelson d5, a pathogen of leaf spot disease in wheat. Curvularia spicifera is a really common outdoor fungus, readily found in tropical and subtropical regions. Among these polyketide secondary metabolites, benzenediol lactone bdl is a growing class which is defined by a 1, 3benzenediol moiety bridged by a macrocyclic lactone ring. Curvularia spicifera injection is a human prescription drug that is used to confirm whether or not a person has an allergy to cochliobolus spicifer. Improvement of xylanase production by cochliobolus sativus in.
Thus, finding ways to push the sensitivity of clinical poc biosensing technologies is crucial. General information about cochliobolus spicifer cochsi eppo global database. Conservation of xyn11a and xyn11b xylanase genes in. Structures and biosyntheses of phytotoxins in cochliobolus spicifer and bipolaris sorokininana. The current explanation of endophyte protection defensive mutualism of host plants is based on the secondary metabolites alkaloids with antiherbivore properties produced by the symbiotic association between host plant and endophytes. The sequence obtained from this sample showed 100% identity to sequences of cochliobolus spicifer nelson and its anamorphic state bipolaris spicifer bainier cunha et al. Download pdf select article atlas florae europaeae.
A phylogenetic and taxonomic reevaluation of the bipolaris cochliobolus curvularia complex article pdf available in fungal diversity 561. This disease was the causal agent of the bengal famine of 1943 it was considered for use by the usa as a biological weapon against japan during world war ii. Germination type was determined based on the location of the germ tube of the conidium 12 h after being placed on rabbit food agar. Cochliobolus phylogenetics and the origin of known, highly.
Pdf larvicidal activity of endophytic fungal extract of cochliobolus. List of the 16 ndc products with the active ingredient cochliobolus spicifer. America, asia, africa and europe, where this fungus occurs it is commonly found in seed batches of sorghum, wheat and barley fakhrunnisa. The xylanase production by cochliobolus sativus strain cs6 was improved under solid state fermentation ssf.
Pdf phylogenetic status of an unrecorded species of. Concerns regarding indoor air quality, particularly the presence of fungi and moulds, are increasing. Isocochlioquinone a leishmanicidal activity campos et al. Rarely, it can be an opportunistic human pathogen causing eye corneal infections. Cochliobolus miyabeanus is an important plant pathogen because it causes a common and widespread rice disease that causes high level of crop yield losses. Antifungal properties of essential oils for improvement of. The potential for essential oils to reduce, control or remove fungi, is gaining interest as they are seen as a natural alternative to synthetic chemical fungicides. There is no clear morphological boundary between the asexual genera bipolaris and curvularia, and some species show.
Absolute stereochemistry of spiciferones and spicifernin, bioactive metabolites of the fungus cochliobolus spicifer. This fungus was characterized based on the morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analysis. Cochliobolus spicifer, myrothecium roridum, cochliobolus lunatus, chaetomium. Detection of mycobiota, aflatoxigenic and ochratoxigenic. Label free bacteria quantification in blood plasma by a bioprinted microarray based interferometric pointofcare device priyanka dey nanobiosensors and bioanalytical applications group, catalan institute of nanoscience and nanotechnology icn2, csic, ciberbbn, and bist, campus uab, 08193 bellaterra, barcelona, spain. Microdochium seedling blight occurs on wheat seeds and is observed in wet climates e. By reducing rice yields from 4090% in 1942, cochliobolus miyabeanus. Obvious symptoms are not apparent until stem elongation starts. While most species in cochliobolus are mild pathogens on grasses, a few cause devastating disease epidemics of cereals sivanesan 1987, scheffer 1997. Structures and biosyntheses of phytotoxins in cochliobolus spicifer. Cochliobolus and its asexual forms in bipolaris and curvularia comprise over 90 species sivanesan 1987, alcorn 1990, 1991. There is no clear morphological boundary between the asexual genera bipolaris and curvularia, and some species.
In this study, the fungal communities in different organs of the. Ej, conidia with 23 transverse predominantly 3septate septa on geniculate conidiophores. Curvularia spicifera cochliobolus spicifer what is curvularia spicifera. In many countries, agricultural residues are generated in large quantities, and most of these are underutilized and considered waste, especially in developing countries. Bipolaris spicifera causes fungus balls of the sinuses and. A gathering of this type provides opportunity to consider the discovery of new toxins, their. It has been widely planted as a water ornamental around the world because of its striking flowers.
The species in cochliobolus group 1 grouped together with 100% bootstrap support from the combined. Combinations of sodium nitrate with peptone or yeast extract resulted in an increased xylanase production 1543 and 1483 ug. Bipolaris spicifera appears frequently in medical literature as a cause of diseases in humans and animals. A pictorial guide for the identification of mold fungi on. Here we report a portable poc device based on lens free interferometric microscopy lim. In this study, curvularia affinis was isolated from the leaves of phaseolus vulgaris l.
Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. The hyphae, conidiophores, and conidia are pigmented olivaceousbrown dematiaceous. Nov 22, 2019 ultrastructure and genotypic characterization of the filamentous fungus cochliobolus lunatus in comparison to the anamorphic strain curvularia lunata. Pdf a phylogenetic and taxonomic reevaluation of the. Pdf the genus cochliobolus anamorphs bipolaris, curvularia comprises many destructive plant. This page was last edited on 16 december 2019, at 04. Cochliobolus spicifer cochsioverview eppo global database.
Afb 1 was detected in 23 samples out of 36 spices 63. A rapidlygrowing fungus that produces a dark brown colony with a dark reverse, within five days, when incubated at 25oc 77of. Key result multi loci sequencing analysis revealed that this fungus was curvularia spicifera within curvularia group 2 of family pleosporaceae. Cochliobolus spicifer definition of cochliobolus spicifer. In addition to spiciferone a, five of its derivatives, including spiciferones b and c, were tested for their phytotoxicity by using wheat cotyledon protoplasts.
Cochliobolus species a rapidlygrowing fungus that produces a dark brown colony with a dark reverse, within five days, when incubated at 25oc 77of. Identification of pathogens and control of spot blotch disease of barley. Three genera, cochliobolus, bipolaris and curvularia form a complex that contains many plant pathogens, mostly on grasses poaceae with a worldwide distribution. Conservation of xyn11a and xyn11b xylanase genes in bipolaris sorghicola, cochliobolus sativus, cochliobolus heterostrophus, and cochliobolus spicifer. The filamentous ascomycete genus cochliobolus anamorph bipolariscurvularia is comprised of more than forty closely related species, some of which are highly aggressive, superpathogens with particular specificity to their host plants. They represent a rich scaffold for structural variation, which differ particularly in the degree and positioning of oxidation and unsaturation about the macrolactone ring. Aug 25, 2012 three genera, cochliobolus, bipolaris and curvularia form a complex that contains many plant pathogens, mostly on grasses poaceae with a worldwide distribution. Cochliobolus symptoms of cochliobolus miyabeanus, the causal agent of brown spot, on rice. One species, cochliobolus homomorphus, did not fit clearly into either group. Curvularia pallescens cochliobolus spicifer curvularia oryzae curvularia tuberculata. Figure 5 from phylogenetic status of an unrecorded species of.